Definition

A thyroid nodule is a lump that forms within the thyroid gland, distinct from the surrounding normal thyroid tissue.

Characteristics

Thyroid nodules are found in up to 70% of the general population, and most are benign (non-cancerous). Nodules smaller than 2 cm typically cause no symptoms. However, nodules larger than 2 cm may become palpable, cause visible neck swelling, or create a sensation of pressure in the throat.

Diagnosis

Ultrasound is used to evaluate the size, shape, and composition of the nodule. If the nodule appears large or suspicious for malignancy, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) or Core Needle Biopsy may be performed to assess cancer risk.

Treatment

For benign nodules between 2 and 4 cm that cause symptoms, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used to reduce or eliminate the nodule without surgery. Nodules larger than 4 cm generally require surgical removal. If malignancy is confirmed, surgical treatment is essential.