Definition

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the body’s metabolic functions slow down due to a deficiency of thyroid hormones.

Causes

The most common cause is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease diagnosed in approximately 60% of Korean women. Other causes include thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment.

Symptoms

Fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, swelling, depression, memory loss, and changes in voice. If left untreated, it may progress to a severe condition called myxedema coma.

Diagnosis

Blood tests typically show low thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Treatment

Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone that replenishes the deficient hormone and restores normal metabolic function.